If you wish to point out one thing within the Korean previous tense, you can be utilizing the verb endings -었/았/ㅆ어요 (-eot/at/sseoyo). These work equally to -d or -ed when expressing the previous tense in English.
On this information, we are going to train you the principles and types of Korean previous tense. It will assist you categorical previous actions precisely in Korean.
Fast Abstract
Transient Overview of Korean Verb Tenses
The Korean language has three tenses: current tense, previous tense, and future tense. They’re all necessary to know for correct conjugation. Fortunately, they need to even be fairly easy to understand. Right now, we are going to go over the previous tense.
Previous Tense Endings
The endings for previous tense are as follows:
- –었 (-eot)
- -았 (-at)
- -ㅆ어요 (-sseoyo)
Your first step is figuring out which vowel the stem of a verb or adjective ends with.
Typically, for phrases the place the stem’s vowel ends in both ㅏ(a) or ㅗ (u), the proper ending to make use of is 았어요 (asseoyo). For instance, phrases like 좋았어요 (joasseoyo), 살았어요 (sarasseoyo), and 받았어요 (badasseoyo).
With every other vowel, the proper ending so as to add on is 었어요 (eosseoyo). For instance, 먹었어요 (meogeosseoyo), 있었어요 (isseosseoyo) and 읽었어요 (ilgeosseoyo).
How do you type the previous tense in Korean?
To conjugate verbs into previous tense, you’ll have to drop the -다, leaving you with solely the stem. That is what you’ll now mix with the previous tense.
For instance, the verb 먹다 (meokda). As a result of ㅓ is the ultimate vowel, you mix it with -었어요 (-eosseoyo). In different phrases, 먹다 (meokda) now turns into 먹었어요 (meogeosseoyo).
Korean Previous Tense Conjugation Guidelines
As well as, you need to observe some particular guidelines when creating the previous tense.
1. Phrase stems ending in ㅏ or ㅗ and no 받침
An excellent instance of this are phrases comparable to 가다 (gada), 사다 (sada), and 자다 (jada). In every of those, the stem’s closing vowel is ㅏ. Nonetheless, there isn’t a 받침 (batchim) or closing consonant like within the above phrases.
Subsequently, including -았어요 (-eosseoyo) appears just a little unnatural, because the verb would then grow to be 가았어요 (gaasseoyo) and so forth. Thus, as an alternative, solely -ㅆ어요 (sseoyo) will get added on, and this fashion, their previous tense is spelled out 갔어요 (gasseoyo), 샀어요 (sasseoyo), 잤어요 (jasseoyo), and so forth.
Equally, with phrases like 오다 (oda) and 보다 (boda), it equally sounds unnatural to construct them as 오았어요 (oasseoyo) or 보았어요 (boasseoyo.). Subsequently, in these circumstances, the stem and the tense are “squished” collectively, forming 왔어요 (wasseoyo), 봤어요 (bwasseoyo), and so forth.
2. Phrase stems ending in ㄷ
If the phrase stem ends in ㄷ, the ㄷ will get dropped and changed with ㄹ.
For instance, the verb 걷다 (geotda) will lose the ㄷ and acquire ㄹ for the sake of a extra pure pronunciation. The previous tense ending for a phrase stem with ㅡ being the ultimate vowel is 었어요 (eosseoyo).
In the long run, 걷다 (geotda) transforms into 걸었어요 (georeosseoyo).
Observe, nevertheless, that this doesn’t concern all stems ending in ㄷ. The above rule is for irregular verbs. The conjugation into the previous tense can fluctuate relying on whether or not the verb is common or irregular.
For instance, with 받다 (batda), which is a daily verb, the ㄷ stays up to now tense, which is 받았어요 (badasseoyo). In different phrases, it principally issues if the previous tense ending to make use of is 었어요 (eosseoyo).
3. Phrase stems ending in ㅂ
If the phrase stem ends in ㅂ, the ㅂ will get dropped. As a replacement, you’ll add 우.
For instance, let’s use the adjective 돕다 (dopda). You take away the ㅂ and add on 우. Briefly, it is going to seem like 도 + 우 + 았다.
To make it make extra sense, mix the 우 along with 았어요 (asseoyo) in order that the completed previous tense appears like 도왔어요 (dowasseoyo).
Equally, for any verb that finishes with 우, comparable to 배우다 (baeuda), you may mix the 우 within the 었어요 tense for extra concise writing and pure pronunciation.
Nonetheless, as with the above rule, this additionally doesn’t concern each single verb ending in ㅂ, the above rule is for irregular verbs. So, for instance, within the case of a daily verb 잡다 (japda), regardless of the stem ending in ㅂ, it will get mixed with 았어요 ending with out eradicating the ㅂ, which is 잡았어요 (jabasseoyo).
4. Phrase stems ending in ㅡ or ㅅ
If the stem ends in both of those letters, like in 바쁘다 (bappeuda) and 쓰다 (sseuda), or 낫다 (natda) and 씻다 (ssitda), you’ll drop them after which add the previous tense conjugation immediately. Relying on the ultimate vowel, you’ll both select 었다 (eotda) or 았다 (atda).
If the phrase stem ends with ㅡ, you drop ㅡ and test on the vowel within the syllable earlier than ㅡ (eu). If the syllable earlier than ㅡ has ㅏ (a) or ㅗ (o), comparable to within the case of 바쁘다 (bappeuda), you’ll add -았어요 (asseoyo), which makes 바빴어요 (bappasseoyo). If there isn’t a different vowel earlier than ㅡ, comparable to within the case of 쓰다 (sseuda), you’ll add 었어요 (eosseoyo), which turns into 썼어요 (sseosseoyo).
If the phrase stem ends with ㅅ, first you drop ㅅ and test the final vowel earlier than ㅅ. If the final vowel earlier than ㅅ isㅏ (a) or ㅗ (o), you’ll add -았어요. For instance, 낫다 (natda) turns into 나았어요 (naasseoyo). If the final vowel earlier than ㅅ is every other vowels, you’ll add 었어요. For instance, 씼다 (ssitda) turns into 씼었어요 (ssiseossoyo).
Observe, nevertheless, that this doesn’t concern all stems ending in ㅅ. The above rule is for irregular verbs. Within the case of normal verbs, comparable to 벗다 (beotda), the ㅅ stays up to now tense, which is 벗었어요 (beoseosseoyo).
5. Phrase stems ending in 르
Right here, you’ll drop the ㅡ. Nonetheless, additionally, you will want so as to add one other ㄹ to the phrase stem.
For instance, let’s use the verb 바르다 (bareuda). You’ll drop the ㅡ, however add ㄹ. Thus, 바르 turns into 발ㄹ. Then, you add the previous tense ending that greatest corresponds with the principles. On this case, 았어요 (asseoyo). The ultimate end result will probably be 발랐어요 (ballasseoyo).
6. 이다 and 하다 and 아니다
Lastly, these three observe their very personal guidelines.
With 이다 (ida), the right ending so as to add is 었어요 (eosseoyo). Nonetheless, if the phrase ends in a vowel, the ending shapes up as 였어요 (yeosseoyo), and if it ends in a consonant, the ending will probably be 이었어요 (ieosseoyo). For instance, 배우이다 (baeuida)turns into 배우였어요 (baeuyeosseoyo), and 부모님이다 (bumonida) turns into 부모님이었어요 (bumonimieosseoyo).
With 하다 (hada), the proper ending so as to add is 았어요 (asseoyo). Nonetheless, as an alternative of forming it as 핬어요 (hasseoyo), you need to write 했어요 (haesseoyo).
With 아니다 (anida), you need to write the previous tense as 아니었어요 (anieosseoyo), reasonably than combining it collectively as 아닜어요 (anisseoyo), like it’s possible you’ll suppose to do with different stems ending within the vowel ㅣ.
What to do subsequent after studying the Korean Previous Tense
To additional your understanding of Korean and improve your language expertise, take into account exploring these further matters:
- Korean Verbs: Deepen your understanding of Korean verbs, their varieties, and makes use of.
- Korean Conjugation: Be taught the principles and patterns for conjugating verbs throughout completely different tenses and formalities.
- Korean Particles: Grasp the usage of Korean particles to construction sentences precisely.
Steadily Requested Questions (FAQs)
Beneath, we’ve listed down probably the most generally requested questions on Korean Previous Tense.
How do you type the previous tense in Korean?
To type the previous tense in Korean, you add -았/었/ㅆ어요 to the verb stem. The selection of which one to make use of is dependent upon the vowel earlier than it. For instance, the verb 먹다 (to eat) adjustments to 먹었어요 up to now tense.
What number of tenses are in Korean?
Korean makes use of three fundamental tenses: current, previous, and future tenses.
What’s the previous tense of “to purchase” in Korean?
The previous tense of “to purchase” in Korean is 샀어요 (sasseoyo).
Conclusion
Now, you’ve realized how you can accurately apply the Korean previous tense via the right use of endings like -았/었/ㅆ어요.
Look out for the final vowel and match it with the correct verb ending. Additionally, pay attention to the particular guidelines you may encounter. Sure, similar to 가다 (gada), the place the stem ends with ㅏ, and it doesn’t have a closing consonant, you need to use -ㅆ어요 (sseoyo) as an alternative of -았어요 (-eosseoyo).
Now that you just’re conversant in these previous tense buildings, why not take a look at your expertise and observe within the feedback under? You’ll be able to share examples or ask questions when you’re uncertain about any conjugations!
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