As we speak, we are going to shortly go over how verbs are shaped within the Korean current tense.
Listed here are the three present-tense verb endings:
- -아요 (-ayo)
- -어요 (-eoyo)
- -여요 (해요) (-yeoyo (haeyo))
On this information, we are going to train you learn how to conjugate verbs into the current tense, plus some particular guidelines. This can enable you speak about what’s at present occurring precisely in Korean.
Fast Abstract
Transient overview of Korean verb tenses
The Korean language has three tenses in common use: current, previous, and future. There may be additionally the continual tense if you wish to depend that in. Within the case of the current tense, you might be merely expressing what’s at present occurring.
Current Tense Endings
There are successfully three completely different verb endings for the current tense within the Korean language:
- -아요 (-ayo)
- -어요 (-eoyo)
- -여요 (해요) (-yeoyo (haeyo))
These Korean current tense endings will possible look acquainted to you, as most courses make the most of them when instructing you new grammar and vocabulary.
You’ll select the one to make use of based mostly on the phrase stem. We are going to go over this beneath.
How do you type the current tense in Korean?
To type a gift tense in Korean, you first want to choose a verb. Let’s select a straightforward verb like 만나다 (mannada), which implies “to fulfill.” 만나다 (mannada) is the verb offered in its dictionary type.
To begin forming a tense, you could drop the 다 (da) ending in order that solely the stem, 만나 (manna), stays. Now, you could add on the correct tense ending. As the ultimate vowel in 만나 (manna) is ㅏ (a), the proper type to make use of is -아요 (-ayo).
Following one of many current tense guidelines, the two consecutive ㅏs are merged collectively to create a smoother sound. On this case, as an alternative of claiming 만나아요 (mannaayo), the proper type is 만나요 (mannayo). You’ll want to pay attention to this when you find yourself forming current tenses going ahead. We are going to go over these conjugation guidelines in additional element within the subsequent part.
Korean Current Tense Guidelines
As we already confirmed you above, there are particular guidelines that you could observe once you conjugate the verbs into the current tense.
#1. Phrase stems ending in ㅏ or ㅗ
Within the case the phrase ends in both of those letters – for instance, the above 만나다 (mannada) or 오다 (oda) – you’ll conjugate with -아요 (-ayo). When the phrase stem ends in ㅏ (a), you drop the ㅏ (a) and add on 아요 (ayo). For instance, 좋다 (jota) turns into 좋아요 (joayo), and 닫다 (datda) turns into 닫아요 (dadayo).
Nonetheless, typically you will need to connect the current tense ending on to the phrase stem ending in ㅏ (a) or ㅗ. Let’s take the above 오다 (oda), for instance. It will look and sound awkward to type it as 오아요 (oayo), so it varieties as 와요 (wayo) as an alternative.
And if the phrase stem ends in ㅏ(a) and not using a consonant after, you’ll be part of each ㅏs into one. Some good examples are 가다 (gada) and 자다 (jada). Each of those are quick verbs ending in an ㅏ vowel and not using a 받침 (batchim | closing consonant). Thus, they’ll turn into 가요 (gayo) and 자요 (jayo) slightly than 가아요 (gaayo) or 자아요 (jaayo).
Examples:
1. 오다 (oda) → 와요 (wayo):
친구가 와요. (chinguga wayo)
My good friend comes.
2. 가다 (gada) → 가요 (gayo):
학교에 가요. (hakgyoe gayo)
I’m going to high school.
#2. Phrase stems ending in anything
Usually, if the stem has one other vowel, the ending to make use of is -어요 (-eoyo). Nonetheless, watch out when the phrase stem ends in a vowel slightly than a consonant, because the 어 (e) from -어요 (-eoyo) might get dropped. Examples of this are stems ending in ㅓ (eo), ㅕ(yeo), ㅐ (ae) and ㅔ (e). For instance, 서다 (seoda) conjugates as 서요 (seoyo), not 서어요 (seoeoyo).
Examples:
1. 먹다 (meokda) → 먹어요 (meogeoyo):
아침을 먹어요. (achimeul meogeoyo)
I eat breakfast.
2. 서다 (seoda) → 서요 (seoyo):
줄을 서요. (jureul seoyo)
I stand in line.
#3. Conjugating 하다 and different verbs ending in 하다
With 하다 (hada), the Korean verb which means “to do,” and all different verbs ending in -하다 (-hada), the proper ending to make use of is -여요 (-yeoyo). Nonetheless, it’s not frequent to pronounce or write it as 하여요 (hayeoyo). As an alternative, over time, the current tense has formed up into 해요 (haeyo), which remains to be in lively use at present.
Examples:
1. 하다 (hada) → 해요 (haeyo):
요가를 해요. (yogareul haeyo)
I do yoga.
2. 공부하다 (gongbuhada) → 공부해요 (gongbuhaeyo):
열심히 공부해요. (yeolsimhi gongbuhaeyo)
I research onerous.
#4. Verb stems ending in ㅣ or ㅜ
Above, we already established that the majority verb stems get paired up with -어요 (eoyo). Nonetheless, they could typically look just a little completely different from what you might assume.
Let’s take a stem ending with ㅣ, for instance, along with the instance phrase 마시다 (masida). For those who paired it up with -어요 (eoyo) as is, the phrase would appear to be 마시어요 (masieoyo). However that doesn’t sound good, so as an alternative, the ㅓ will get mixed with ㅣ, forming ㅕ. Thus, 마시어요 (masieoyo) turns into 마셔요 (masyeoyo) as an alternative.
You’ll want to do an analogous factor with stems ending in ㅜ. This time, let’s take the verb 배우다 (baeuda). While you mix it with -어요 (eoyo), you’ll not write or pronounce it because the unnatural-sounding 배우어요 (baeueoyo). As an alternative, ㅜ and ㅓ are mixed into one syllable to type the simpler sounding 배워요 (baewoyo).
Examples:
1. 마시다 (masida) → 마셔요 (masyeoyo):
물을 마셔요. (mureul masyeoyo).
I drink water.
2. 배우다 (baeuda) → 배워요 (baewoyo):
한국어를 배워요. (hangugeoreul baewoyo)
I study Korean.
#5. Adjectives ending in ㅡ
When the phrase stem ends in ㅡ, this vowel will get dropped, and -어요 (-eoyo) or -아요 (-ayo) shall be hooked up to what’s left. For instance, the phrase 나쁘다 (nappeuda) turns into 나빠요 (nappayo).
Instance:
1. 나쁘다 (nappeuda)→ 나빠요 (nappayo):
날씨가 나빠요. (nalssiga nappayo)
The climate is dangerous.
#6. Stems ending in ㄷ or ㅂ
Up till now, we’ve largely coated stems ending in vowels. Nonetheless, some particular guidelines additionally apply to stems ending in consonants, in different phrases, a 받침 (batchim). Particularly, these considerations stems that finish in both ㄷ or ㅂ.
Within the case of ㄷ, you’ll drop the ㄷ and add in ㄹ. For instance, the verb 걷다 (geotda) turns into 걸어요 (georeoyo). Observe that this doesn’t happen for verbs the place the ultimate vowel is ㅏ.
For ㅂ, you’ll drop the ㅂ after which add 워요 (woyo). Once more, if the ultimate vowel is ㅏ, this rule doesn’t happen.
Examples:
1. 걷다 (geotda) → 걸어요 (georeoyo):
공원을 걸어요. (gongwoneul georeoyo)
I stroll within the park.
2. 춥다 (chupda) → 추워요 (chuwoyo):
오늘 날씨가 추워요. (oneul nalssiga chuwoyo)
The climate is chilly at present.
#7. Conjugating 이다
One of many first stuff you’ll study in Korean courses is the utilization of the “to be” verb (이다 | ida). So, you might be already acquainted with its distinctive current tense endings. Let’s go over them to refresh your reminiscence, although.
With nouns ending in a consonant, you’ll use 이에요 (ieyo). And for nouns ending in a vowel, you’ll use 예요 (yeyo).
Examples:
1. 학생 (haksaeng) + 이다 (ida) → 이에요 (ieyo):
저는 학생이에요. (jeoneun haksaengieyo)
I’m a scholar.
2. 의사 (uisa) + 이다 (ida) → 예요 (yeyo):
언니는 의사예요. (eonnineun uisayeyo)
My sister is a health care provider.
What to do subsequent after studying the Korean Current Tense
Listed here are the advisable subsequent steps for increasing your language abilities after studying the Korean Current Tense:
- Korean Verbs – Deepen your understanding of Korean verbs, their varieties, and makes use of.
- Korean Conjugation – Study the principles and patterns for conjugating verbs throughout completely different tenses and formalities.
- Korean Particles – Grasp using Korean particles to construction sentences precisely.
- Korean Previous Tense – Learn to type previous tense in Korean.
Steadily Requested Questions
Listed here are among the commonly-asked questions concerning the Korean Current Tense.
How do you type the current tense in Korean?
To type the current tense in Korean, you add -아요 (-ayo) or -어요 (-eoyo) to the stem, relying on the final vowel. For instance, the verb 먹다 (to eat) modifications to 먹어요 (meogeoyo) within the current tense. If the stem’s final vowel is ㅓ, you add -어요 (-eoyo).
Are there any particular verbs within the current tense in Korean?
Sure, there are particular verbs within the current tense. One is the verb “to be,” 이다 (ida). It turns into 이에요 (ieyo) or 예요 (yeyo) relying on the final syllable of the previous noun. The opposite is the verb “to do” (하다, hada), which conjugates to 해요 (haeyo), which is initially 하여요 (hayeoyo). These are essential to have the ability to use the current tense in Korean appropriately.
How do you type unfavourable sentences within the current tense in Korean?
You may type unfavourable sentences within the current tense by including 안 (an) earlier than the verb. There may be additionally one other means, which is utilizing the verb ending -지 않아요 (-ji anhayo). For instance, 가요 (gayo) in unfavourable might be 안 가요 (an gayo) or 가지 않아요 (gaji anayo).
Conclusion
You’ve now realized learn how to type the current tense in Korean! Bear in mind, the formation includes attaching particular endings—-아요 (ayo), -어요 (-eoyo), or -여요 (yeoyo) —to verb stems based mostly on their closing vowel or consonant.
Have in mind the particular conjugation circumstances, similar to changes for 하다 verbs and adjectives ending in ㅡ. Apply these varieties and share any sentences you’ve created within the feedback beneath to reinforce your studying!
Be at liberty to ask any additional questions concerning the Korean current tense! ^^
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